The Global Financial Crisis Of Australia Essay - 1834 Words

Introduction The Global Financial Crisis (GFC) was the the deepest recession after the World War II economy recession. Australia emerged as the least affected by GFC as compared to other developed economies of the world. After the quarter with negative growth, the march quarter 2009 (0.4% GDP growth), suggested that Australia was able to escape from the world-wide recession. This article looks at each of these three different factors responsible for relatively strong performance of the Australian economy over this period and will examine their role that each may have played. Firstly, the fiscal stimulus policies adopted by Federal Government: secondly, timely policy responses to the effects of the global financial crisis by Reserve Bank of Australia and thirdly, the Australian economy trades significantly with Asia and in particular, China, and how the economy was beneficial from Chinese growth in the global slowdown. (the performance of our major trading partners, particularly China.) Australia emerged as the least affected economy by GFC: Role played by each factor Australia was able to maintain continuously impressive GDP growth as compared to other developed countries since the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) began in 2007. Australia survived from recession by attaining 1% positive growth in the 2008-2009 financial year where many countries of OECD were in recession. Federal Government During the crisis, Australia s financial system was properly structured andShow MoreRelatedThe Term Global Financial Crisis (Gfc) Refers To The Financial1745 Words   |  7 PagesThe term Global Financial Crisis (GFC) refers to the financial crisis of 2008-2009 that, according to leading economists, is the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression (Eigner, 2015). The crisis began in 2007 due to a mortgage market failure in the United States and in the following year, with the collapse of the Lehman Brothers investment bank, advanced into an international banking crisis, which then developed into a global economic crisis, The Great Recession (Williams, 2010). ThisRead MoreGlobal Financial Crisis And Its Effect On Australian Retails Markets1214 Words   |  5 PagesThe Report gives the insight of Global Financial crisis and its effect on Australian Retails Markets and Supermarkets. Particular the Impact of GFC on the one of the second largest leading independent supermarket, FOODWORKS during the period of 2007-2009 and examines the impact of the Global Financial crisis on the performance of the company. The global financial crisis brought with it very many challenges. Some were controllable while others were uncontrollable. Foodworks being the secondRead MoreMacro Environment Analysis1011 Words   |  5 Pages Political Legal Australia government help established trade policies to protect local clothing industries from imported good through high tariffs, quotas, and subsidies. According to Jayanthakumaran (2001), the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) have planned to remove the protection on Textiles, Clothing and Footwear (TCF) industries in Australia. Regarding the intense competitions over TCF industries globally, Australia and western industries didRead MoreGlobal Financial Crisis : Its Causes And The Global Responses Essay1592 Words   |  7 PagesAssignment topic: Global financial crisis: its cause and the global responses Introduction The global financial crisis or economy crisis is commonly believed to have begun in July 2007 with credit crunch, when a loss of confidence by the US investors in the value of sub-prime mortgages caused a liquidity crisis. On the other hand, due to the big changes that took place over the last 20 to 30 years in the worldwide economy and the influence of 2007 financial crisis, it has re-emerged as one of theRead MoreGlobal Financial Crisis ( Gfc ) Affect On Coca Cola Company1477 Words   |  6 PagesHow Global Financial Crisis (GFC) affect on Coca-Cola Company and how the Coca-Cola Company used it to regulate that problem? The Coca-Cola organization is thought to be the world number one non-mixed refreshments organization, driving in assembling, advertising and circulation of its item. However, the Global Financial Crisis (GFC), influences all parts of the change procedure in the Coca-Cola company. The financial environment affects the way the materials are handled as well, going down to affectingRead MoreThe Global Financial Crisis ( Gfc )1087 Words   |  5 PagesThe Global Financial Crisis (GFC) began in July 2007 in the United States (US) following the decline in the countries already poor credit ratings and the subsequent collapse of the US housing market and prominent investment bank Lehman Brothers which sent a wave of fear around global economies including Australia and resulted in the largest drop in global economic activity in the modern era. (W. McKibbin, A.Stoeckel, 2009, pg 1). During the years before the crisis there was a significant increaseRead MoreAustralia s Financial Stability With Inflation Under Control1548 Words   |  7 Pagesdebt and a solid financial system as a result of years of structure and policy reforms, Australia today has one of the strongest and largest mixed market economy in the world. Since the early 1980s, successive governments have deregulated financial and labour markets and reduced trade barriers making Australia one of the Asia–Pacific’s wealthiest nations who has enjoyed more than two decades of economic expansion. Although Australia managed to emerge from the global financial crisis relatively unscathedRead MoreInfluence of a Countrys Political Forces on Potential Investors: Sofitel Gold Coast Broadbeach Case Study1254 Words   |  5 Pagescountries political situation can significantly influence investors that intend to do business in these countries. In the case of the political environment in Australia, investors that want to address the countrys accommodation sector must focus on the visa regime and carbon tax. Tourists that are not from New Zealand and want to visit Australia are required to have a visa. The visa must be obtained before arriving to the country. There are several types of visas provided by the Australian governmentRead MoreThe Fiscal Monetary Policy Of Australia1566 Words   |  7 Pagesof Australia Background The global financial crisis (GFC) is begun with the collapse of Lehman Brothers in Sep. 2008, when a loss of confidence in stock investors of the value of sub-prime mortgages caused a liquidity crisis, resulting the global central banks injecting a large amount of capital into the financial markets and consumers confidence hit the bottom, according to McKibbin, W.J. (2009, p.1). The second phase of GFC stepped after the US bank crisis has evolved into the euro crisis, whichRead MoreGross Domestic Product Of Australia1673 Words   |  7 Pages AUSTRALIAN ECONOMY GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT As per Australian Bureau of Statistics, Gross domestic product of Australia is 1560.60 USD, with annual growth rate of 2.50 percent. Services sector dominates the total GDP of the economy (65 percent of total GDP). Though service sector is dominant yet major contribution to economy’s success in recent years came from mining sector (13.5 percent of GDP). Some other sectors which have contributed towards the success of Australian economy are manufacturing

The Taj Mahal Palace and Power Hotel in Mumbai - 1755 Words

Organisation Background Incorporated by Mr. Jamsetji N. Tata (founder of the Taj Group), The Taj Mahal Palace and Tower, Mumbai was opened in 1903 as the first hotel by the Taj Group and representative of India’s rich heritage. It is a flagship hotel of Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces which is a part of The Indian Hotels Company (IHCL) and contains 560 rooms and 44 suits. Situated adjacent to the landmark, Gateway of India at water’s edge, the hotel offers east access to numerous local tourist destinations and official agenices.For more than a century, the Taj has taken the position of inherent landmark in the city and take pride in its rich clientele consisting of royal families, Stars form entertainment industries, Political and business dignitaries and so on. It has played an intrinsic role in being a social epicentre of the city. The hotel has been constantly ranked as one of the best hotel properties in the world for business and luxury by various hotel and tourism organizations including Conde Nast Traveler USA Gold List. Issue with the organisation On 26 November 2008, in a series of terrorist attacks in Mumbai, the hotel was attacked. Material damages occurred in millions of dollars as a result of damaged roof of the building and destruction of many antiques and heritage property. The attack lasted for over 60 hours injuring 350+ and killing around 167 people including many foreigners. The Hotel having high brand value had some 1000+ guests at the hotel on theShow MoreRelatedPorter s Five Forces : Case Study Essay2274 Words   |  10 Pagesforces: Case study on Taj hotel Name: Mohammed Sakil Qurashi Student Id: 20151471 Contents Business Environment 1 5.106 1 Taj Groups of Hotels 3 Introduction 3 Outline of the report 3 COMPETITIONS 4 Theory of competition 4 Substitutes 6 Power of Buyers 7 Theory of power of Buyers 7 Power of sellers 8 Conclusion 9 Introduction The Indian hotels company limited (IHCL) and its subsidiaries also known as Taj Group of industries. The Taj group of hotels consider as one ofRead MoreStrategic Advantages Profile of Maruti Suzuki2387 Words   |  10 PagesAssignment Of Management of Services On Service provided by Taj Hotel SUBMITTED TO SUBMITTED BY Lec. Satinder Kumar Gurinder Singh MBA – II yr (SEC – B) Roll No. 5818 Harsimran SinghRead MoreAn Analysis on Taj Group of Hotels3636 Words   |  15 Pagesthis report is to analyze the Taj Group of Hotels through the specific analysis of Taj  (luxury full-service hotels, resorts and palaces), Taj Exotica  , Taj Safaris,  . Vivanta , The Gateway Hotel, Exotica Brand. The Taj Group of Hotels were selected to gain a learning of hotels in India from three different perspectives – that of a fast growing Indian hotel, , that of a formerly strong player trying to adapt to a changing market, and finally, that of an domestic hotel operating in India. The analysisRead MoreAn Analysis on Taj Group of Hotels3620 Words   |  15 Pagesthis report is to analyze the Taj Group of Hotels through the specific analysis of Taj  (luxury full-service hotels, resorts and palaces), Taj Exotica  , Taj Safaris,  . Vivanta , The Gateway Hotel, Exotica Brand. The Taj Group of Hotels were selected to gain a learning of hotels in India from three different perspectives – that of a fast growing Indian hotel, , that of a formerly strong player trying to adapt to a changing market, and finally, that of an domestic hotel operating in India. The analysisRead MoreHotel Industry4982 Words   |  20 PagesBusiness Plan On HOTEL INDUSTRY Submitted to Prof V.K. Sapovadia, Prof Kishor Barad Prof Sharma Shanti Business School, Ahmedabad PGDM Trimester II (Batch 2010-12) Continuous Evaluation in Business Plan Submitted By HEMANT VAGHELA ENROLMENT NUMBER: 1011012005 SR NO. | TOPICS | PAGE NO. | 1 | HISTORY EVOLUTION | 3 | 2 | GROWTH OF INDUSTRY | 4 | 3 | MAJOR MARKET PLAYERS | 5 | 4 | CATEGORY OF PLAYERS | 5 | 5 | ITDC HOTELS | 9 | 6 | HOTEL CORPORATION OF INDIARead MoreMis in Taj Hotels10832 Words   |  44 PagesIndustry Report – Hotel Industry Group - 1 2010 This report presents scenario of MIS in Hotel Industry with main focus on India Hotels Company Limited (IHCL, Taj Group of Hotels) India Hotels Company Limited Oxford House 15/17 N.F. Road Apollo Bunder Mumbai 400 001 India Contact Person - Denzil Barretto denzil.barretto@tajhotels.com (91-22) 6665 1000 (91-22) 2284 6680 / 83 Industry Report – Hotel Industry Table of Contents Group Details ......................................................Read MorePower Of Religion : God Made Us, We Made Gods1437 Words   |  6 PagesMannat Shukla Professor Sonia Gutià ©rrez English 100 July 11 2014 Power of Religion â€Å"GOD MADE US, WE MADE GODS† It was the heat of the summer afternoon that radiated about the Indian temple of Shiva, a Hindu deity. The sheer amount of people running about was amazing but there was something that they all shared. 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At times, news channel covers news such as

Comparative Study

Question: Select two different research methods of which 1 must be qualitative and 1 mist be quantitative and compare and contrast them. In addition, provide an example of how they may be applied within the aviation sector. Answer: Introduction This study reflects the case on the aviation industry on the basis of quantitative as well as qualitative methods which can give a detailed investigation regarding the quality as well as skills of the researcher which is essential during the research process. Research Methods: Compare and Contrast The two research methods that are Qualitative Research and Quantitative Research are used by the researchers for presenting their research work in better way. The main goal of Qualitative Research is to deliver detailed and complete description of the relevant research topics. Moreover, it is considered as exploratory in nature. It is used in describing the topics in broader sense so that aim of the research work can be fulfilled. The researcher of any kind focuses on studying the views of the respondents or participants that are involved in the research survey. Furthermore, the qualitative research is text based and requires more in-depth information for analyzing the research work in feasible manner. The qualitative research highly depends on the rigor and skill of the researcher which can be reliable and valid for the research work. According to (Carey, 2012), under qualitative research methods, the information are collected from the small amount of individuals. It helps the resea rcher in making analysis of the acquired information in much easy way. The researcher is involved in presenting and explaining information in the form of image or text. As a result, the reader easily understands the purpose of the research work. On the other hand, the biased and subjective approach is undertaken in qualitative research for the purpose of evaluating or reporting research. The subjective approach in qualitative method helps the researcher in understanding the behavior of the human and also assists in studying the reasons behind such behavior. Apart from that, the graphs are highly considered important in qualitative research as it largely helps in the presentation of research work to the audiences. It is stated by (Green, 2012) that the problem of research is described from the viewpoint of the researcher in more subjective manner. It provides valuable support in designing the structure of the survey and collecting the required information. Further, in order to use qualitative method, the inductive process is used by the researcher for formulating any hypothesis or theory. Therefore, in-depth interviews, focus groups, document reviews, etc are considered for the qualitative research. On the contrary, it is also mentioned by (Industry News, 2012) that no statistical tests are performed in this research method and take in account semi-structured or unstructured response options. Moreover, text-based technique is used to explain the response of the respondent. Due to that, sometimes it leads to ambiguity to the readers. In addition (Jharkharia, 2012) pointed that the researcher deduce the research work as per their own biased view leads to the twist the information gathered. On the other hand, it is also stated that it is highly time consuming and could last for months for collecting the required and relevant information. Apart from that, the other research method that is Quantitative research method. Its major goal is to classify and count features. It is also involved in establishing statistical models for the purpose of explaining that has been observed. Therefore, it is considered as conclusive research type and falls under narrow aspects. On the other hand, (KELLY, 2012) explained that quantitative research delivers a clear picture to the researcher of what to expect in comparison to qualitative research in the particular research. The research is conducted in objective and unbiased manner which helps in presenting true essence of the project to the readers or audiences. Moreover, a deductive process is used in the quantitative research for testing the pre-specified concepts and constructing hypothesis. Furthermore, (McCusker and Gunaydin, 2014) explained that the research problem and need for research direction is justified by undertaking quantitative research method. Therefore, more specific an alysis is done for achieving the goal and fulfilling the research objectives. On the other hand, the information is collected from the large amount of individuals which is further analyzed in the form statistical aspect. Further, the data is interpreted by the researcher by making comparison of results with the past research and prior predictions. Apart from that, (Morgan, 1998) pointed that quantitative research use standard fixed structure for accumulating the statistical data and evaluating the result. Therefore, in order to conduct the quantitative research, online surveys or questionnaires are prepared by the researcher to collect the required information. On the contrary, it is argued by (Tucker, 2012) that quantitative method does not explain the research topic in much depth manner rather it focuses on breadth of the data. Furthermore, in order to gain better advantage from the quantitative research the large sample has to be undertaken otherwise the researcher would not gain more accurate statistical results. However, it would help the researcher in analyzing and measuring the data in better way. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the qualitative as well as the quantitative methods which the organization needs to make a research related to the aviation industry. The case is taken with a point of view to look after the safety as well as the performance which can be seen in human and the various qualities need to be maintained for the purification of the research methodology. Quantitative research methods can be seen in the aviation industry which should have a logical issue with the choice of industry. The aviation environment can be seen as a complex which will include in the cultural as well as the technical grounds with a view to remove the flaws in a way to attempt in the research process (Uziel, 2012). There are various factors which are responsible in case of improving in the safety purpose, one being the metrics which are said to be regulated as well as prudentiated in numerical terms. The second factor is the accurate results which need to be exaggerated by way of complete subjectivity (Velcon Filters expands in aviation with Warner Lewis acquisition, 2012). Positivism is a vital reason for the success of many researches in the wide range of fields which will help in the collection of data to build the relationship stronger in order to achieve the target base. Competing methodologies Epistemology is the concept which actually means that a medium to gather the knowledge which is a branch of philosophy which is needed for the purpose of validation. Positivism can be referred in a way to be effective to completely remove with the prospective of human element in a successful manner (Yadav and Nikraz, 2012). It is difficult to evaluate in subjective terms as because human imposes various emotions and feelings that cannot be judged in terms of monetary which will give rise to societal as well as the personal experience in the entire work sector. Positivism It is a concept which are used in the research methods as because it provides a stable and well as a reality to the objective terms which helps in the interference of human and will lead to enhancing of the human perception as far as aviation industry is concerned(Yeo et al., 2012). It can be noticed that the phenomenon can be observed by means that can be viewed directly or indirectly. Subjective matter cannot be interpreted which can give rise in getting the results in due course of time. Subjectivism This theory actually means that the information regarding the overall experience can be gathered by the human beings personally and there is no word like truth regarding the objectivism related to the conduction of the research process (Aviation Human Factors Related Industry News 1Parts of this section are compiled from Aviation Human Factors Industry News and reproduced with permission of Roger Hughes., 2012). Aviation industry has limited access as far as subjectivism is concerned, rather it focus on the attributes to solve the problem related to the biasness which can be seen in way of personal relationship as well as the relation that can be noticed between a teacher and a student. Social Constructionism This concept lies between the positivism as well as the subjectivism which actually helps in the organization as well as the performance of the human beings in case of the research process. It will help in getting the value of quality design as well as to recognize the methodology for the same. A holistic research has to be recognized in a way that it can have a meaning to the data collection as well as emphasis has to be done on the measurement as well as the explanation procedure. Both formal as well as informal methods are used in order to maintain the first person accounts which will help in the behavioral approach to the data which actually takes place within various alternatives. A well known understanding is required to narrate the descriptive issue in the most effective manner. Conclusion This study actually focuses mainly on the aviation sector and the research has been done on the safety measures on both the qualitative as well as quantitative methods. To achieve the research in the most effective manner, it is important to implement the various attributes like positivism as well as subjectivism which help in the measurement of the various strategies which are required in the aviation sector. Reference List Aviation Human Factors Related Industry News 1Parts of this section are compiled from Aviation Human Factors Industry News and reproduced with permission of Roger Hughes. (2012).Aviation Psychology and Applied Human Factors, 2(1), pp.42-47. Carey, J. (1993). Linking Qualitative and Quantitative Methods: Integrating Cultural Factors into Public Health.Qualitative Health Research, 3(3), pp.298-318. Green, E. (2001). Can Qualitative Research Produce Reliable Quantitative Findings?.Field Methods, 13(1), pp.3-19. Industry News. (2012).Aviation Psychology and Applied Human Factors, 2(1), pp.38-39. Jharkharia, S. (2012). Supply chain issues in mergers and acquisitions: a case from Indian aviation industry.IJAM, 1(4), p.293. KELLY, R. (1985). Family Policy Analysis: The Need to Integrate Qualitative and Quantitative Research Methods.Sociological Methods Research, 13(3), pp.363-386. McCusker, K. and Gunaydin, S. (2014). Research using qualitative, quantitative or mixed methods and choice based on the research.Perfusion. Morgan, D. (1998). Practical Strategies for Combining Qualitative and Quantitative Methods: Applications to Health Research.Qualitative Health Research, 8(3), pp.362-376. Tucker, R. (2012). U.S. Aviation Industry Outlook.Metal Finishing, 110(3), pp.8-10. Uziel, D. (2012).Arming the Luftwaffe. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland Co. Velcon Filters expands in aviation with Warner Lewis acquisition. (2012).Filtration Industry Analyst, 2012(5), pp.3-4. Yadav, D. and Nikraz, H. (2012). An insight into professional registration of technical personnel in aeronautical engineering industry.Aviation, 16(2), pp.51-55. Yeo, S., Pan, Y., Lee, Y. and Chang, H. (2012).Computer science and its applications. Dordrecht: Springer.

Li Europan lingues es membres del sam familie. Lor Essays

Li Europan lingues es membres del sam familie. Lor separat existentie es un myth. Por scientie, musica, sport etc, litot Europa usa li sam vocabular. Li lingues differe solmen in li grammatica, li pronunciation e li plu commun vocabules. Omnicos directe al desirabilite de un nov lingua franca: On refusa continuar payar custosi traductores. At solmen va esser necessi far uniform grammatica, pronunciation e plu sommun paroles. Ma quande lingues coalesce, li grammatica del resultant lingue es plu simplic e regulari quam ti del coalescent lingues. Li nov lingua franca va esser plu simplic e regulari quam li existent Europan lingues. It va esser tam simplic quam Occidental in fact, it va esser Occidental. A un Angleso it va semblar un simplificat Angles, quam un skeptic Cambridge amico dit me que Occidental es.Li Europan lingues es membres del sam familie. Lor separat existentie es un myth. Por scientie, musica, sport etc, litot Europa usa li sam vocabular. Li lingues differe solmen in li grammatica, li pronunciation e li plu commun vocabules. Omnicos directe al desirabilite de un nov lingua franca: On refusa continuar payar custosi traductores. At solmen va esser necessi far uniform grammatica, pronunciation e plu sommun paroles.

Critically evaluate how psychological theories Essay Example

Critically evaluate how psychological theories Essay Example Critically evaluate how psychological theories Essay Critically evaluate how psychological theories Essay Psychology has been applied in many different areas of everyday life to try and explain why we behave in the ways that we do. However it is important to note that although psychology does give a broader insight into understanding most human behaviour, it is not possible to have one single conclusive theory. It is more often the case that many different theories can be combined in order to produce a more comprehensive explanation of behaviour. This is true when psychology is used to explain addictive behaviours; there is not one conclusive theory that explains substance addiction and dependence. An addiction is a syndrome involving behaviour and feelings of impaired control (West 2006). Addictive drugs are those whose reinforcing effects are so potent that some people who are exposed to the drugs are unable to go for very long without taking them, and whose lives become organised around taking the drug. Drug dependence is said to occur when the individual continues use of the substance despite significant substance related problems (Davies 1997). This essay will draw together and discuss the various psychological theories, concepts and explanations in order to evaluate how effective these have been in explaining drug addiction and dependence. As with many areas of psychology, problems arise when behaviour needs to be defined. This is particularly true with addiction. How do we know when someone is addicted? Where are the boundaries? Addiction is yet another socially constructed term that is difficult to define because what constitutes an addiction to one person is not addiction to another. In order to understand why it is that addictive behaviours occur, we must first acknowledge that there are two types of dependence. Eddy et al (1965) defined psychological dependence as A feeling of satisfaction and a psychic drive that requires periodic or continuous administration of the drug to produce pleasure or avoid discomfort (cited in Ghodse 1995). This kind of dependence demonstrates an overriding compulsion to take the drug, even when the individual is certain in the knowledge that it is harmful, or when aware of the consequences of possession of the substance (Ghodse 1995). The other type of dependence is physical dependence, also defined by Eddy et al as An adaptive state manifested by intense physical disturbances when the drug is withdrawn. The body becomes so accustomed to the drug and withdrawal symptoms are much more apparent. The unpleasant nature of the withdrawal syndrome can lead to an individual actually increasing the intensity of their drug taking, in order to avoid or relieve this withdrawal discomfort (Ghodse 1990). Psychoactive substances all have very different chemical properties. Not all drugs are obviously addictive. For example, long term, regular use of cannabis leads to tolerance and increasing difficulty stopping despite wishing or attempting to do so. Although the risk of dependence is substantially less than for nicotine or opiates, it is similar to that of alcohol (DiClemente 2003). Heroin addicts often take daily doses that would kill a normal person and experience very unpleasant symptoms if they go cold turkey and try to stop. In these terms, tobacco and cocaine were not obviously addictive, yet it was clear that these were extremely difficult habits to break. (Drugs: dilemmas and choices 2000). This is  where the distinction between physical and psychological dependence emerged. It is possible for a person to be psychologically dependent on a drug, without manifesting any physical dependence on it. However, it is generally accepted that although someone may be physically dependant on a drug, the state of dependence cannot be said to exist without some kind of psychological dependence present (Ghodse 1995). Under the Rational Informed Stable Choice (RISC) model, we do things because we expect them to produce benefits, and we know about and are willing to accept the adverse consequences, whether this is smoking, drinking, or drug taking. For example, a drug user continues to take drugs because it is preferable to the alternative to living without drugs, not necessarily because they cannot stop (West 2006). In other words, the pleasure or escape the addict obtains from a drug is worth whatever the consequences might be. This model is rather simplistic, as its main point is that each individual chooses to keep taking the drug, and does not take into account any biological factors that may or may not be relevant.

Hassium Facts - Hs or Element 108

Hassium Facts - Hs or Element 108 Element atomic number 108 is hassium, which has the element symbol Hs. Hassium is one of the manmade or synthetic radioactive elements. Only about 100 atoms of this element have been produced so there is not a lot of experimental data for it. Properties are predicted based on the behavior of other elements in the same element group. Hassium is expected to be a metallic silver or gray metal at room temperature, much like the element osmium. All of the isotopes of hassium are radioactive. Martin Diebel / Getty Images Here are interesting facts about this rare metal: Discovery:  Peter Armbruster, Gottfried Munzenber and co-workers produced hassium at GSI in Darmstadt, Germany in 1984. The GSI team bombarded a lead-208 target with iron-58 nuclei. However, Russian scientists had attempted to synthesize hassium in 1978 at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna. Their initial data was inconclusive, so they repeated the experiments five years later, producing Hs-270, Hs-264, and Hs-263. Element Name:  Before its official discovery, hassium was referred to as element 108, eka-osmium or unniloctium. Hassium was the subject of a naming controversy over which team should be given official credit for discovering element 108. The 1992 IUPAC/IUPAP Transfermium Working Group (TWG) recognized the GSI team, stating that their work was more detailed. Peter Armbruster and his colleagues proposed the name hassium from the Latin  Hassias  meaning Hess or Hesse, the German state, where this element was first produced. In 1994, an IUPAC committee recommended making the elements name hahnium (Hn) in honor of the German physicist Otto Hahn. This was despite the convention of allowing the discovering team the right to suggest a name. The German discoverers and the American Chemical Society (ACS) protested the name change and the IUPAC finally allowed element 108 to be officially named hassium (Hs) in 1997. Atomic Number:  108 Symbol:  Hs Atomic Weight:  [269] Group: Group 8, d-block element, transition metal Electron Configuration:  [Rn] 7s2  5f14  6d6 Appearance:  Hassium is believed to be a dense solid metal at room temperature and pressure. If enough of the element were produced, it is expected it would have a shiny, metallic appearance. Its possible hassium could be even more dense than the heaviest known element, osmium. The predicted density of hassium is  41  g/cm3. Properties: Its likely hassium reacts with oxygen in air to form a volatile tetraoxide. Following periodic law, hassium should be the heaviest element in group 8 of the periodic table. It is predicted that hassium has a high melting point, crystallizes in the hexagonal close-packed structure (hcp), and has a bulk modulus (resistance to compression) on par with diamond (442 GPa). Differences between hassium and its homologue osmium would likely be due to relativistic effects. Sources:  Hassium was first synthesized by bombarding lead-208 with iron-58 nuclei. Only 3 atoms of hassium were produced at this time. In 1968, Russian scientist Victor Cherdyntsev claimed to have discovered naturally-occurring hassium in a sample of  molybdenite, but this was not verified. To date, hassium has not been found in nature. The short half-lives of the known isotopes of hassium mean no primordial hassium could have survived to the present day. However, its still possible nuclear isomers or isotopes with longer half-lives might be found in trace quantities. Element Classification:  Hassium is a transition metal that  is expected to have properties similar to those of the platinum group of transition metals. Like the other elements in this group, hassium is expected to have oxidation states of 8, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2. The 8, 6, 4, and 2 states will likely be the most stable, based on the elements electron configuration. Isotopes:  12 isotopes of hassium are known, from masses  263 to 277. All of them are radioactive. The most stable isotope is  Hs-269, which has a half-life of 9.7 seconds. Hs-270 is of particular interest because it possesses magic number of nuclear stability. The atomic number 108 is a proton magic number for deformed (nonspherical) nuclei, while 162 is a neutron magic number for deformed nuclei. This doubly magic nucleus has a low decay energy compared with other hassium isotopes. More research is needed to determine whether or not Hs-270 is an isotope in the proposed island of stability. Health Effects:  While the platinum group metals tend not to be particularly toxic, hassium presents a health risk because of its significant radioactivity. Uses:  At present, hassium is only used for research. Sources Emsley, John (2011). Natures Building Blocks: An A-Z Guide to the Elements (New ed.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. p. 215–7. ISBN 978-0-19-960563-7.Hoffman, Darleane C.; Lee, Diana M.; Pershina, Valeria (2006). Transactinides and the future elements. In Morss; Edelstein, Norman M.; Fuger, Jean. The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements (3rd ed.). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer ScienceBusiness Media. ISBN 1-4020-3555-1.Names and symbols of transfermium elements (IUPAC Recommendations 1994).  Pure and Applied Chemistry  66  (12): 2419. 1994.Mà ¼nzenberg, G.; Armbruster, P.; Folger, H.; et al. (1984). The identification of element 108 (PDF). Zeitschrift fà ¼r Physik A. 317 (2): 235–236. doi:10.1007/BF01421260Oganessian, Yu. Ts.; Ter-Akopian, G. M.; Pleve, A. A.; et al. (1978). ОÐ ¿Ã'‹Ã'‚Ã'‹ Ð ¿Ã ¾ Ã' Ã ¸Ã ½Ã'‚Ð µÃ ·Ã'Æ' 108 Ã' Ã »Ã µÃ ¼Ã µÃ ½Ã'‚Ð ° Ð ² Ã'€Ð µÃ °Ã ºÃ'†Ð ¸Ã ¸ [Experiments on the sy nthesis of element 108 in the 226Ra48Ca reaction] (in Russian). Joint Institute for Nuclear Research.

Body defense mechanisms Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Body defense mechanisms - Essay Example Innate immune system does not have any specialized cells but uses other cells to identify threats like bacteria, react to infections, and provide means of clearing the infections from the body. The system however switches on other immune systems in an antigen presentation method. This function is carried out by special white blood cells. Innate body mechanism forms a physical and chemical barrier that protects the body (Janeway, Travers, Walport, & Shlomchik, 2001). In contrast, adaptive immune system is found in vertebrates only and comprises of highly specialized cells. Also known as the acquired immune system, the system prevents growth of pathogens through the use of systemic cells. Adaptive immune system acts as a memory system, reacting to a similar infection when incited. Adaptive system is acquired through various ways like immunization. As opposed to innate system whose reaction is in the germline, adaptive system is developed throughout life through reactions to specific infections that create pathogen-specific receptors. The system acquires it name; adaptive immune system, through its ability to enable the body to react to future similar infections. Adaptive immune system is enabled by genetic mutation which occurs in all cells of the body giving it more awareness and reactionary strength to fight infections (Janeway, Travers, Walport, & Shlomchik, 2001). Primary innate body defense mechanism include; inflammation, mucous clearance, physical and chemical barriers. Inflammation involves cutting blood supply to the infected area, walling off the pathogens, and forming fibrous tissue of the area among others. Mucous clearance provides coverage of the epithelial layer of the trachea. Physical barriers like the skins functions like barriers when they are not infected. When the skin is intact, it provides one of the best barriers to infections. Nose hairs filter out particles or any other substances that the body

Group Organizational Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Group Organizational Ethics - Essay Example In the interest of keeping a good customer happy and committed to us over the long haul, I determined that the correct business course of action would be to actually reduce the price for this customer, rather than try to increase it. This was also the ethically correct thing to do because we were ripping off this particular customer as evidenced by the fact that the other customers were paying far less. After some serious arm twisting, I was able to convince the company that there is greater potential long-term profit if we reduce this customer's price in order to shore up the business relationship. Fortunately, we were able to do this, and the customer now feels like they are treated fairly. I did not need to compromise my values or beliefs. Yes, I would have an obligation to stay connected, because I would be unlikely to suffer any harm. Under a deontological ethical approach, it is simply the right thing to do to sacrifice one's time in order to save the life of another person. If the facts were a little bit different, and there was some risk to my own life, or I would be putting the life of another person at risk due to my lack of availability, it would be a reason to reconsider.

Plantation agriculture Essay Example for Free

Plantation agriculture Essay Plantation agriculture is a kind of commercial arable farming in the world. It is especially important in humid tropics with luxuriant growth of vegetation. Its economic effectiveness is always emphasized, bringing both positive and negative impacts. In recent decades, crop diversification is introduced and the ecological balance of the natural environment is greatly conserved. Plantation agriculture refers to the growing of cash crops on large foreign owned estates in countries of tropical environment. It is usually practiced in a large scale with monoculture, in which only a certain type of plant is dominant. Take Papua New Guinea as an example, in the area, cacao, coffee and rubber are mainly grown in the region for export to other countries. Under this kind of farming, there are positive impacts to the economy. Firstly, due to its large scale of operation and being export-oriented in Papua New Guinea, the supply of products is regular and of uniformly high quality. With high demand for the products, this attracts large amount of investment of capital from the foreign countries, such as Europe and North America, thus allowing the farmers being financially able to provide the expensive machinery capable of turning out a high grade product. Benefiting from economies of scale, this enables both the transportation cost and production cost to be lowered. Secondly, plantations are also able to undertake greater scientific research and the eradication of pests and diseases. For example, one large sugar company in the former British colony of Guyana was able to employ a large research staff to produce a strain of sugar cane resistant to leaf-scald disease. Besides, government assistance has brought improved crop varieties, scientific research, new pesticides and fertilizers and effective marketing, The government of Papua New Guinea launched The Cape Hoskins Oil Palm Scheme to solve land disputes of many small holdings, strengthening national self-reliance. With increasing demand for the plantation, the employment rate of Papua New Guinea is greatly increased as there are more needs for personnel to manage crop growing and researching. Some crop processing and manufacturing industries are set up to satisfy the demand for crops. The farm productivity is increased as well. As people can earn more income from this kind of farming, this stimulates the rate of urbanization, hence the development of infrastructure and improvement of public facilities, such as roads, railways, ports, towns, schools, hospitals and the supply of electricity and water. As a result, the living standard of the labour is greatly improved. Despite the economic benefits, plantation farming somehow brings negative impacts to Papua New Guinea. First is the reliance upon the protected markets in Australia. At present, about one-third of the copra, 40 percent of the coffee, most of the cocoa and rubber is exported to Australia, which is assigned to admit duty free. In return, Papua New Guinea has to pay taxes for any imports. This leads to outflow of capital to foreign countries because this kind of farming is highly export-oriented. Second is the problem of labour. Plantations require large amount of cheap labour, but the wage rate is progressively higher because of the rising living standard and commercialization of the country. This increases the cost of production and thus reduces the competitiveness among other countries for the same kind of farming. Apart from this, the risk of crop failure is an important factor for consideration. As plantation agriculture is highly specialized. People highly rely on monoculture to earn a living. When the price of cash crops falls drastically or there is a sudden of crop failure, the income of farmers will fall as well. As a result, the earning of farmers tend to be unstable and badly affected the national income of Papua New Guinea. Besides, people have to import other necessities from other countries instead of planting within their own country, self-sufficiency cannot be achieved. In this way, there is no other source to safeguard the return of farmers. To overcome the negative impacts, crop diversification is a good method to reduce the over-reliance on certain types of cash crops. Ecologically, this method can also be beneficial to the environment. Since different types of crops are grown, the risk of crop failure decreases. This can stop the spread of diseases and pests for a particular type of crops. The population of pests decreases. This in turn reduces the use of pesticides. Hence, the chance of stream pollution is smaller, the sea organisms will not be poisoned or suffocated so easily, the nutrient flow can be more stable. There will be greater diversity of species of biomass, so the ecosystem will be more stable. Furthermore, diversification of crops increases the vegetation cover. There will be less surface runoff and soil erosion, yet infiltration increases. The nutrients of the soil can be preserved. Crop diversification also reduces the exhaustion of certain type of nutrients, fertility can be maintained and thus the use of fertilizer will be less common as well. Climatically, because of less crop failures, the amount of biomass increases. The evapotranspiration rate and wind speed can be more stable, so the microclimate can be maintained constant, the risk of global warming will not be getting serious so fast. In conclusion, plantation of cash crops is significant in Papua New Guinea for economic development. Though crop diversification may not be as profitable as plantation agriculture, ecological environment should not be ignored. In long-term, diversification of crops is a good way to safeguard the natural environment and brings more stable income to the farmers as well.

Gangs and Violence in Schools :: Crime Safety Security Education Essays

Gangs and Violence in Schools During the first week of my junior professional experience, I remember my cooperating teacher reading to me an e-mail that she received from the school's administration. It was informing all of the teachers of new ways to identify gang member; the colors they may wear, they way they write certain letters of the alphabet. A few days later I recall seeing one of the students in my class making different hand gestures, which I later learned were gang signs. Then, a couple of weeks into my full participation in the classroom, another one of my students was suspended for breaking another student's jaw. Yet another of my students was suspended rather recently for threatening to bring a gun to school. All of these incidents, along with an assembly that was held one day about gang violence, have made me much more aware of the violence and gang participation that takes place in urban schools. Because it seemed so prevalent in the Trenton school district, I decided to delve deeper into the issue of gangs and violence in schools. I have learned that in Trenton there are "three main gangs - the Bloods, the Crips and the Latin Kings," (NJ.com) some of which have been known to have members as young as thirteen. This alarmed me, because this is the age of most of my seventh grade students. It was hard for me to picture any of them being in a gang. I, like many suburban dwellers, have never had contact with gang members, not to my knowledge anyway. Now I am working in a school full of students who encounter gang members everyday, and may even be a part of a gang themselves. When I became aware of the regular occurrence of gangs in the Trenton area, I began to wonder why adolescents, usually males, join gangs in the first place. Though there are many explanations and, of course, each young male has his own reason, many of them [the reasons] revolve around the issues of safety, respect, money, and a sense of identity†¦Many of them [the gang members] learned at an early age that they were vulnerable if they did not belong to a gang that would protect them when they were threatened by other gang members (Patton 59).

The Twilight Saga 5: Midnight Sun 23. Race

As I was kneeling down on the ground I felt sturdy hands bring me to my feet and the thoughts that accompanied them. Alice. Edward, she's not dead. We have to hurry. I know where she's going! I sprung to my feet and flew towards the parking structure, which luckily had a covered pathway. She didn't need to think or say any other words to get me to my feet and bring me from the almost catatonic state I was slipping to. Alice was running next to me while Carlisle, Emmett and Jasper were trailing behind. I whipped in and out of the many rows of cars looking for a vehicle that would be fast enough to save the precious life that had consumed me and filled me with a warmth I would never get back if she ?C gulp ?C were dead. All the while Alice was shouting orders and directions to all of us. â€Å"Fifty-Eighth Street and Cactus,† she was running next to Jasper now. â€Å"The Ballet Studio.† Several images floated across her mind to direct me where to go. I winced as the images also showed the death or newly created vampire life that was now Bella's future. A mixture of emotions poured into my mind. Pain. Grief. Agony. Relief? Would I feel relieved if she became a vampire? â€Å"Carlisle, go with Edward,† Alice continued to bark orders. â€Å"Jasper, Emmett ?C you're with me.† I could see the inner workings of their minds as they mentally brought maps of the Phoenix area to the forefront trying to map the best possible routes to get to Bella. I can't wait to get a piece of him. Emmett raced through the cars excitedly. Another feeling ?C anger ?C was pulsing through my body in rapid fluid movements down my veins. Emotions were filling me as I continued to witness and hear my families reactions to the human girl they once tried to condemn to death. I listened mostly to Jaspers rampant thoughts. Take a left†¦wait, no, go straight. He was mentally mapping the area. I have to get to her in time†¦ Edward. He winced at the feelings he could feel emitting off of my body. All the different emotions were heightened as each situation ran through my mind. Alice. Jasper put a little more force behind each step he took. And Bella†¦ He didn't understand his affection for her, but it was strongly there. A shiny black car caught my eye as I dashed around a corner. I saw the little letters on the bumper that instantly pulled me to it ?C SLK55 AMG. Mercedes. I didn't know who I was sending my thanks to, but I said it anyways. â€Å"Thank you,† I mumbled. Excellent, Alice had found an almost equally fast vehicle, a STSV Cadillac. I gripped the door of the Mercedes hard enough that it easily opened, breaking the handle in the process. Alarms went off. â€Å"Open the hood,† Carlisle shouted. I pressed the button for the hood and it flew up. The alarms stopped instantly. â€Å"Okay. Let's go.† Carlisle yelled while slamming the hood shut. He ran back to the passenger's side door pulling it open and slumping to his seat, slamming the door. Go. He didn't need to tell me, I had already put the car in reverse and was flying out of the parking spot – Alice whizzing around the corner behind me. I put the car in first gear, and moved my feet so fast between letting off the clutch and pressing the accelerator that the car darted forward, squealed tires and flew out of the parking garage with an angry attendant screaming at us. Carlisle was mentally listing all the possible supplies we might need once we arrived at the studio. â€Å"What did Alice see again?† â€Å"A lot of blood,† something was obstructing my throat. â€Å"Anything else?† â€Å"Nothing obvious, it was blurry.† Bella possibly becoming a vampire, I added mentally. I shifted into second gear as we turned a corner, the RPM running close to red as I speed towards the I-ten. I pressed the accelerator down harder as I switched into third gear. The engine roared in approval at my speed. It was only point eight miles to the exit I needed to take. Exit 147. Jasper thought mentally. Alice was keeping up with me, practically trying to race me down the interstate ?C we were in a race, a race to get to Bella. I flew past several cars as horns blared and hand gestures came flying out of windows. We both weaved in and out of traffic as I listened to Alice's thoughts to see which moves she would make next, making our driving seem synchronized. A semi truck made it impossible to pass so Alice and I both moved into the emergency lane. I was finally hitting fifth gear as our exit loomed into view. I pushed the car faster as we turned off the exit. Highway fifty-one, Emmett acknowledged. I saw the mental map in his mind as I realized it would be a grueling thirteen point nine miles until we would reach our next turn. There were seven cars waiting at the red light right off the interstate. We can make it without any accidents if we time this right. Alice pictured our best move through traffic and running the red light ahead of us. We both separated, moving together but separately as we flew through gravel and side shoulders to pass the many waiting cars. At the exact same time we flew through the red light, both of our back ends sliding out sideways. I put my car into first gear and threw my foot down on the accelerator. Tires squealed and smoke billowed out behind me as the car lurched forward. Again, Alice and I drove in an intricate pattern in and out of traffic as she predicted the traffic light outcomes and our best possible routes. Three minutes had passed since I stood at the end of the sidewalk, at the end of dark and light. If Bella had been turned into a vampire†¦I trailed off in thought as many mixed emotions swam around in my brain. I hit second gear and the car flew forcefully forward as I pressed the gas down. Anxiety was ripping through me at the thought of Bella no longer living. Alice's vision was brought to the forefront of my mind as I began to think contingency plans. During Alice's insight I saw Bella's limp, dead and broken body strewn across the studio floor, blood covering every last inch of her. Alice saw me running into the room and bringing Bella to my chest, refusing to let go as I continued to try and listen for her beating heart that was no longer moving the precious blood that smelt so delicious. Imagining my life without Bella was excruciating and I knew that if I were too late, I too would die. But how would I? Jasper wouldn't help, and neither would Emmett. I knew Carlisle would refuse to end my life and Esme would back him up. Even Rosalie would not take my life, even if I begged and graveled. I shifted into third gear as we flew down the highway. Cop ahead, slow down. Alice warned me, but I refused to let up on the accelerator. I pressed the pedal down harder as the car's RPM reached Eight thousand. I shifted into fourth gear and the car jerked forward. I didn't bother to see what the outcome would be when I flew past the parked cop. He turned his lights on and began speeding down the road after me. What he didn't know was that I could read his mind. I knew exactly what his plans were and Alice could see the future outcomes of them and I would ultimately get away. The cop's sirens blared behind me as he called for backup. I put the car into third gear, advancing the Mercedes. Alice was now behind the cop, trying to distract him with her reckless driving. The cops mind became incoherent with panic as Alice tried to run him off the road. When we finally had the cop between the two of us, he began to mutter under his breath little prayers to his god. Ahead was a car, and we were going to pass it, the cop was going to have to stop or wreck. As with most humans, their first reaction is to protect self. The cop slammed on his brakes while cussing loudly. I put the car back into fourth gear as it advanced down highway fifty-one. We swerved in and out of more cars as traffic began building up as the morning hours ticked on. My skin began to glitter fantastically out the window as many pedestrians began to gawk at me as I drove by. I slammed the clutch in and threw the car into fifth gear. Another lurch forward and the car went flying past several vehicles and buildings, making them almost blurry. The quicker my speed became the more Alice's vision began to change, but it was still too cloudy to depict the outcome. I blocked out her visions because I was afraid they would bring me into a false sense of security. I saw East Lincoln Drive and knew that we were bang on course. I stomped the clutch down again as I brought the car into sixth gear. I was now flying through cars along with Alice going one twenty five. Each second that passed me felt like an eternity. Come on Alice, press the damn gas down, Jasper roared in his head. I didn't understand his thoughts. He had no connection to Bella, no link of any kind. If she were to perish, he would survive, but he continued to press the imaginary gas pedal from the passenger's side. Traffic was backing up down several blocks now and I had to find a way around them all. I mentally began mapping other roads in my mind. They will all be blocked. Alice informed me. With each new plan and thought I was thwarted by more traffic, more people and vehicles all pilling up on top of each other while Bella was nearing death. Cold fury swept through me as I yanked the car to a hard right and was now driving along the wide sidewalk next to several businesses. People were diving into the street and backing up against buildings as I speed past, Alice closely behind me. The chill that was in my stomach seemed to surge icy cold as my fear and panic rose with each second. During our drive Carlisle sat calmly in the passenger seat as we exposed ourselves and attracted unwanted attention. I hadn't been paying attention to his thoughts but finally noticed the calm composure that he had. â€Å"Why are you so calm?† I yelled. I want to save her life as much as you. We need to hurry ?C and if we have to make the papers, then so be it. Carlisle shot me a smile. His face was sparkling spectacularly, sending rainbows and waves of color out of the vehicle as we finally hopped off the sidewalk. I shifted down into third gear as I slowed behind some more cars. As soon as the way was clear I slammed the accelerator down, speeding down the road once more, pushing the clutch in to change into fourth. I brought the mental map back to the forefront of my mind as I tabulated how much longer it would be before we would be turning onto Cactus. I saw the street sign a quarter of a mile away and the car automatically went forcefully forward to punctuate my need. At long last I was going to be close enough to Bella that I would be able to hear her heart beat. As we approached the turn I refused to slow down. I stomped on the brake as it came upon us and sent the car sliding sideways until I was turned ninety degrees from where I was before, speeding hastily down Cactus. My stomach was screwed tight with pain when I heard the fluttering noise of an angel. Bella's heart was not thrumming at its normal pulse; it was quickened, yet pumping sluggishly at the same time. My heart lifted in spite of myself as I realized she was still alive. Relief so exquisite that it was nearly pain entered my body, but was suddenly replaced by anger. I made my way quickly down the road as we passed malls and parks where people were happily oblivious to the danger just blocks away. I saw Carlisle give an appreciative nod as I flipped the car into third gear, watching the RPM meter fly up until I grabbed the shifter and slammed it into fourth gear. I saw Carlisle grab the handles inside the car ready to eject himself out into the street to get to Bella. An upsurge of noise erupted in my mind as I heard Bella's cries of agony and scream ripping through the morning air. I could hear the mental pleasure in James' thoughts as he threw her body across the room. I turned a tortured face to Carlisle as he added to his mental list of possible supplies he would need once we arrived to the studio. A red haze clouded my visions as we drove closer ?C we were now only a block away. The vision in Alice's mind was solidifying and what I saw ripped my heart in two. Bella ?C a vampire. The monster, my monster, which had been so eager to escape, was now being liberated. Brutal violence ripped through my body and out through my fingertips as I gripped the steering wheel tighter. I could hear James' delicately inflected voice â€Å"That's a very nice effect.† Carlisle was stealing glances in my direction as we finally reached Fifty-Eighth Street. I barely slowed down as I drove the vehicle so close to the entrance it was only inches away from touching the glass doors. I could hear Bella's pulse reaching danger point as I practically pulled the car door off its hinges trying to get to her. I didn't bother opening the studio doors as I left Edward shaped holes in the glass. The second I entered the building the most delicious smell filled my lungs and I paused for only a brief fraction of a second to take in the aroma before my eyes fell immediately upon the monster hovering over Bella. It was a scene of total devastation – glass was strewn across the floor and blood glittered in the sunlight coming from the windows. My eyes were solely focused on Bella, though. Her limp body lay unmoving and broken ?C bleeding. My worst fears had come to life. My view was suddenly obliterated by anger as I dived into James, sending him flying across the studio. He began snapping at me but I held him up around the throat, tightening my grip. Behind me I heard Bella gasping and groaning in agony. James struggled in my grip as Jasper flew up behind me, grabbing James' arm and ripping it off. I looked over my shoulder to see Emmett plummeting through the studio, his expression rapt and exultant at his new prey. I let go of James, realizing Bella needed me more. I was not oblivious to Jasper's thirst, which he kept in check as he had a different type of prey to attend to now. Carlisle was not far behind as he helped Jasper and Emmett kill the one creature I would personally like to torture for an eternity. Alice had already rushed to Bella's side. Bella's breathing was harsh and ragged as she took several heavy panting breaths. I ran over to Bella, kneeling in a pool of blood. I didn't even bother to hold my breath, as each flame that ripped down my throat only punctuated the fact that she was still alive, her heart was still beating. My hands moved over her but I didn't know what to do as her body finally went limp. â€Å"Oh no, Bella, no.† I cried out, rubbing the blood from her eyes. Pain in dimensions that I had never felt before tore my body to pieces. I could feel the tearing of my heart ?C her heart. â€Å"Bella, please!† I begged for her to return to me, to just show me a sign that she was conscious. â€Å"Bella, listen to me, please, please, Bella, please!† I pleaded as heavy tearless sobs sent my body into near convulsions. â€Å"Carlisle,† I shouted behind me with a bite of impatience. I turned back to Bella who was lying aslant, like her body had been broken in many places. Fragments of glass were deeply imbedded into her hair. I watched as dark red and gluttonous blood flowed rapidly from her head and leg. I swallowed my venom back. â€Å"Bella, Bella, no, oh please, no, no!† Another tearless sob. I listened as her heart began to move sluggishly, like there wasn't enough blood on her body to keep it going. I'll try to stop the bleeding. Alice moved towards Bella's head and put pressure on her wound. The blood instantly stopped leaking from her head. There was no hesitation in Alice's thoughts ?C her mind had one mission, and that was to save Bella. Bella became paler and damper than normal and her skin grew cold. I heard running footsteps behind me as Carlisle slid to the floor and began working over her immediately, putting pressure on her leg wound. Tears seeped through her eyelids before they opened wide with pain and a cry came through her lips. Her cry was like a stimulant. â€Å"Bella,† I cried as relief swelled in me indescribably. Carlisle began his inventory mentally. â€Å"She's lost some blood, but the head wound isn't deep. Watch out for her leg, it's broken.† Icy cold rage filled my body like acid and a feral growl ripped up my lips. Cuss words went flying through my mind quickly as I imagined all the ways I would like to tear James' apart, put him back together and do it again, just for fun. Carlisle continued his inventory by feeling for other broken bones. He moved over Bella's ribs. She jerked and another sob escaped her lips, her eyes were blank, like she couldn't see clearly. â€Å"Edward,† Bella mumbled with an unearthly and beautiful sound. It was the most glorious and welcomed voice I had ever heard in my entire existence.

Greek Empire and the Renaissance: Shaping the New World

Other pull factors such as ideas of political, economic, and social freedom along with trade and exploration of nations hat were an inherent part of the European Renaissance lead to the questioning the Catholic Church and its powers over the people, which ultimately led to the desire for a new place to practice these freedoms. The Greek Empire reached its political peak as a result of simple trial and error. Originally, they began as a monarchy, developed into an oligarchy, and finally advanced into what is now known as the first form of democracy, or power of the people.They strongly believed that in order to be a strong, united, successful nation that there had to be an educated electorate, which eater became the central idea of what the founding fathers established this newly emerging nation on: an idea of freedom. The Greek, much like America later on, were split up into different social classes: slaves, non-slaves, men, and women. Women in Greece were not entitled to a social li fe, much less a voice in politics, bit rather picked up their social status along with everything else from their husbands. Likewise, the Roman Empire played a critical role in the discovery and foundation of the New World.The Romans were the strongest, largest Empire throughout history due to heir advancement in technology, their form of government which was even able to withstand a weak leader, and their their powerful military which enabled them to conquer many nations, expanding the empire further than any other, spanning from Turkey to England. As a result of the fall of the Roman Empire, the entirety of Europe experienced two to three-hundred years of little to no progress and religious conflict. During this time, art and culture was being lost and the only knowledge left was what survived in the monasteries; education was scarce.This period was known as the Dark Ages, also known as the Early Middle Ages, which then led to the Renaissance. The Renaissance was a rebirth of clas sical learning. Everything that was lost and forgotten during the Dark Ages was coming to light. During this time, European people gained a sense of hope and individualism rather than tradition. People began thinking for themselves for the first time in hundreds of years and began to explore art, music, drama, philosophy, and most importantly exploration of the world and questioning of the Catholic Church's authority over the people.For example, â€Å"The Roman Catholic Church taught that an individual could gain favor with God by what were called â€Å"good works†. [Martin] Luther believed that he, as a sinner, was condemned in the eyes of God and that nothing could help him. Despite doing many good works, Luther found no peace of mind†¦ Lather's main complaint against the Catholic Church was that it was supporting a system that left sinners in sin – and this was the institution that was meant to save lost souls !!†¦ In October 1517, Luther pinned his †Å"95 Theses† to a church door in Wattenberg. â€Å"(â€Å"Martin Luther. ) When our nodding fathers designed what was the foundation of our country, they brought ideas such as democracy from the Greek Empire and similar social practices such as the split classes. Likewise, practices such as religious freedom, intellect, and art, developed during the Renaissance, were influences that shaped the New World in a powerful way. During a time of desperation for freedom and a fresh start, founding fathers brought the strongest ideas from significant civilizations and time periods in European history, which essentially shaped what we know as the New World.

buy custom Search Engine Technology essay

buy custom Search Engine Technology essay Search engines are tools that are widely used to search information on the World Wide Web. The World Wide Web is the most single important source of information in the 21st century, and users search for such information through the use of search engines. Search engines are regarded as the best search tools that can query the World Wide Web for pertinent information, which are then presented to users as search results (Babin Weiss, 2009). Search engine technology is at the kernel of web search as it allows search engines to locate information in the internet, index them and serve them to users who query them. This paper will address the origin of the search engine technology; evaluate its benefits and disadvantages, not to mention highlighting on various competitors using this technology. Origins of search engine technology Today, search engine technology, has gained significant milestones in the technology arena because of some historical development in technology. The search engine technology has evolved to a position where it has transformed how information in retrieved in the internet. The first search engine is believed to be the information retrieval systems that were used by the International Business Machines back in the 1950s. Luhn was in charge of developing this technology while he was working with IBM. Search techniques were later improved in the 1970s by refining them further. The concepts and technological processes used by the IBM have since been used as the background for search engine technology. The advances that had been made in the search systems were the background for the search engine technology. With the birth of the World Wide Web, the stage was set for the search engine technology that would later be used to power search engines such as Google (Gay, Charlesworth Esen, 2007). In 1990, the HTTP programming language was developed and it led to the development of a small program called Archie. This program was written for the purpose of retrieving information from the internet. Whereas Archie was limited in its functions, it was able to provide basic search for the internet users at that time. The success of archie sparked immense interest in the search technology with new search programs being developed. Wandex a Web search software called was built to capture uniform resource locators in the World Wide Web and index them in a database. This program was followed by a robot called WebCrawler, which then became a search engine that would be the first to enter the search market. This background thus provided a launching pad for the success of various search engine products that improved on the initial search engine technology that were already in place. How search engine technology works Before looking at how search engines work, it is essentil to mention what search engine technologies do. Search engine technology allows users to search information over the World Wide Web. The search engine technology searches the information on the internet and archives them in order to serve them when users request for them (Levene, 2010). Because of what they do, search engines have built indexes of information that are found on the World Wide Web. The role of the search engine is accomplished as a result of how search engine technology works. According to Babin and Weiss (2009), search engine technology relies on robots that crawl on the World Wide Web in search of information. With the World Wide Web made of websites that are on the increase, robots continue to collect and index information into databases. These indexes are often updated and used to provide users with information according to the keywords that are used during the search. The search engines use the search engine technology to collect the address of information in the internet by analyzing their title and their uniform resource locator. Other information such as Meta data are also analyzed to determine what is contained in the web pages, which are then indexed in a database. When a user makes a search using a preferred search engine, the keywords used in the search are compared to what has been indexed in the database. Relevant information is then served to the users. All search engines do no use robots or crawlers. Some search engines use indexes that are entered by human, but it still works like the rest of the search engines. By serving a web page to a user, search engines have changed made location of information be easy on the World Wide Web. Benefits and disadvantages of search engine technology The search engine technology has made use of search engines possible. Nonetheless, the use of search engines, which are powered by search engine technology, has a mix of advantage and disadvantages. There are several advantages of search engine technology that have popularized their use as tools for locating information on the World Wide Web. These advantages are: a) Search engine technology provides an efficient way of indexing information on the World Wide Web. With the World Wide Web having a vast amount of information, the use of search engine technology provides an effective way of organizing information. Because of this advantage, it is possible to represent the vast information available on the World Wide Web. b) Search engine technology allows information to be described with precision. When locating the information on the World Wide Web, search engine technology provides users with means to describe information in keywords that helps in locating information that are rrelevant to the users. c) Search engine technology allows the World Wide Web to be organized more effectively that it appears. With search engines that use the search engine technologies, it has been possible to organize the World Wide Web into a structure that can allow information to be located when need arise. Despite the advantages of search engine technology, there as several disadvantages that are associated with this technology. These disadvantages are: a) The search engine technology can produce endless list of information that have little relevance to the users. For instance, searching for some keywords can yield thousands of web results that are not relevant all. b) The use of search engines can be discouraging for first-time users. This is because users have to learn how to generate effective search results when using these tools. Being that some users find this process tedious, some people may feel that this technology is cumbersome. Major competitors in the marketplace Despite the challenges of developing search engine technologies, there are many technology firms that have entered the market with novel search engines. These firms are increasingly developing cutting edge solution that provides many corporate firms, organization and individuals with search solutions. In the search engine arena, there are many competitors such as Google, Yahoo, Bing, All the Web, and AltaVista just to name a few. Google is considered the most used search engine given its focus on relevant results. Bing is owned by Microsoft and is touted to have a large search share after Google and Bing (McCormick, 2010). These competitors have strived to create novel solutions that are aimed at edging out their competitors. For instance, Google has been praised for using the least approach to searching of data and presenting the search results in a relevant way. AltaVista has also adopted this approach. Apart from Google, Yahoo is one of the popular search engine technologies available today. Since its establishment, Yahoo has grown into a search engine that boast of one of the largest search index in place. A few years ago, Microsoft Corporation expressed interest in buying Yahoo, but it offered a lower bid (McCormick, 2010). Nonetheless, Yahoo has continued to be a preference for many people because of its variety. When Microsoft failed to acquire Yahoo, the firm decided to engineer a new search engineBing. The unveiling of Bing took the search technology to a new level as Google and Yahoo vowed to enhance their service better. The presence of these competitors has made the search technology continue to growing into new heights. Buy custom Search Engine Technology essay

Which Essential Office Support Staffer Are You

Which Essential Office Support Staffer Are You Are you a secretary or an executive assistant? According to CEO and founder of Office Dynamics International, Joan Burge, secretaries are assistants who develop a routine and get comfortable with a set list of tasks. A secretarys role is static support- they may be crucial in the office, but their position is not as conducive to same amount of growth and opportunity as a dynamic executive assistants gig.An executive assistant may have the same responsibilities- phones, scheduling, paperwork, correspondence- but their perspective is more adaptive. Their function requires reflecting on past experience and developing strategies to improve future outcomes. Its right there in the name- you need executive  functions.If youre an executive assistant and want to up your game, check out Burges training videos! Featuring lessons on time management, adminology, and frank feedback from executive and office professionals, theyre free on her website:  http://officedynamics.com/educational-video s/A Secretary vs An Executive AssistantRead More at officedynamics.com

Democracy and Citizenship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Democracy and Citizenship - Essay Example Specifically, the form of globalization that characterizes the current economy is one that seeks to establish one universal, synthetic culture that is entirely open to capitalistic rigidness, while at the same time rejects and erodes the older, deeper culture and traditions of individual societies and peoples. This hurts the world at a local level, and is bad for the greater population—for this general reason, I support the community economy as an alternative. Harvey’s critique of the system that the world depends on today points out how neoliberalism and capitalism have affected what society’s priorities are. He says that countries using such a system â€Å"typically favor the integrity of the financial system†¦ over the well-being of the population or environmental quality† (Harvey 71). This is a concept that I fundamentally disagree with, as I see it as a violation of business ethics and a lack of concern for two things that are of utmost importanc e—human life, and the condition of the planet we inhabit. Harvey also describes how neoliberalism enforces a redistribution of resources. This redistribution, however, is not the type that is favored by more communal systems, such as Marxist theory, but instead works quite the opposite. While many people may be conditioned to believe that capitalism is completely naturally in allowing money and wealth to flow where it is earned, it can accurately be said that, just as socialism may redistribute resources to the poor according to need, the neoliberal system is a redistribution of wealth to the upper classes (Harvey 9). Beyond the manipulation of wealth, neoliberalism also robs the population of some of its sovereignty. While citizens entrust their government with basic functions and resources, neoliberalism encourages the government to redistribute those responsibilities and resources to private corporations (Harvey 77). This is, in a sense, taking power from the hands of the government, which represents the whole population, and placing it in the hands of the few who have a private interest in profit. Indeed, this is a complete contradiction in my view. Harvey’s critique continues along these lines. He highlights two particular misgivings about the current system, one being the capitalist fixation with technology as a solution for everything. In reality, he says, technology is tied to the destruction of the environment, social breakdowns, and crises (Harvey 69). The even greater problem, however, is that neoliberalism has become so ingrained in law and society that it has created an inescapable web, making it extremely difficult for society as a whole to undo what groundwork has been laid (Harvey 63). These all demonstrate the complete lack of consideration in the modern economy for the community, for local benefit, and for human happiness. I do not support such an approach, as I believe in having a consideration for the well-being of all people, in following the Golden Rule of doing unto others as you would have them do to you, and in promoting the concepts of liberty and happiness rather than an unequal socio-economic systems that brings wealth and power into the hands of the few. The benefits of the community economy, as an alternative to capitalism, are superfluous. Many movements exist already that are rooted in the community eco

My experience in online class with my favorite assignment, things Essay

My experience in online class with my favorite assignment, things which I could have done better, my strengths and weakness - Essay Example I find online learning very useful as I can manage my time and resources well. During my online class for English 095, I have had a valuable experience of learning my favorite subject and also doing many things which needed my attention. It gave me freedom to learn, less or no disturbances from fellow learners, less home work assignments and I was always attentive as I knew I had little time with my coach online. I appreciate that education system has brought up this concept for learners like myself who want to upgrade without bothering the mundane schedule of work. My favorite assignment: It’s quite difficult to point out one particular assignment out of all that I have done. Still, given a choice I would say one of my favorite among all would be narrative assignment. As the assignment suggests it has to be a story based with opening, plot or body of the story, characters, situation and an ending which pulls the reader more close to my work. I liked this because I had to beco me more visualizing, creative and dramatic so that my story has the hero, heroine, villain and situation which weaved in well for a narrative assignment. This gave me an opportunity to read more books, look situations differently and look out for the phrases or vocabulary which could be explicitly used in my work.

Nurses Irony Poem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nurses Irony Poem - Essay Example Now her nurse side plays its role and she starts to become more considerate towards the child and she starts waning away from her own child, these feeling are not coming in her as sympathy or empathy for the child but because of the irony that in spite of all the resources the child is so helpless, so alone, and at the same time so negligent to the world that the feeling towards him automatically arose in her and she finds herself in a very helpless situation, one side it's her mothers emotions that are playing the role and the other side her selfless and emotions that are developing for the child. Might be that's why she is a nurse or we can say she is destined to be a nurse, as she is ready to take any curse any punishment in order to occupy the position of the mother of the child and at the same time become indifferent towards her very own, she is being pulled from two directions but the thought of her own child, her very own self and the thought of any wrong is not enough for her being pulled from the selfless emotions being developed in her. This poem reflects the irony of a situation and the role of human behavior on it which in turn is not something static but is a part of slow and steady development process in which some initial years of his/her upbringing plays a pivotal role. The situation in which our character is can be utilized by anyone for his/her self benefit as the mother of child is totally ignorant towards the child and the father indifferent, but our character instead of waning away from the child has developed more affection towards him and up to the limit that she has started ignoring her very own child. So one can derivate from the above explanation that the behavior is more based on your societal interactions, and they play a very pivotal role in the

Surface Water And Groundwater

Surface Water And Groundwater The hydrological cycle describes the continuous movement of water above, on, and below the surface of the earth. The water on the Earths surface surface water occurs as streams, lakes, rivers as well as bays and wetlands. The water below the surface of the Earth primarily is ground water, but it also includes soil water (Sphocleous, 2000). Interactions between groundwater and surface water play a critical role in the functioning of riparian ecosystems. These interactions can have significant implications for both water quantity and quality. Identifying potential exchange of water between the aquifer and stream channel has therefore been investigated by many researchers using a variety of methods (USGS Ground Water Information, 2008). Assessing groundwater-surface water interactions is often complex and difficult. There are many factors which influence groundwater-surface water interactions such as river bed characteristics, geology, geomorphology and climate. In general a number of methods have been used to ascertain the nature of groundwater surface water interactions across different catchments. These methods include several tracers used to identify the exchange of surface and groundwater, such as heat, ion chemistry, isotopes and viruses. Potential surface aquifer interactions have also been quantified using remote sensing and models (USGS, 2008; Kalbus et al, 2006). The purpose of this essay is to review the various techniques used to determine groundwater and surface water interactions and their importance whilst encompassing significant case studies from around the world and within Australia. Discussion Surface water and groundwater (GW-SW) have long been considered separate entities, and have been investigated individually. Although chemical, biological and physical properties of surface water and groundwater are indeed different, they are not isolated components of the hydrologic system, but instead interact in a variety of physiographic and climatic landscapes. Therefore development or contamination of one commonly affects the other (Kalbus et al, 2006). To understand GW-SW interactions, it is necessary to understand the effects of the hydrogeological environment on GW flow systems, that is the effects of topography, geology, and climate as these factors are the major influences on the type of techniques use to determine GW-SW interactions (see figures 1, 2 3) (USGS, 2008). Figure 1. Groundwater seepage into surface water Figure 2. Subaqueous springs resulting from ground water flow through highly permeable sediments (USGS, 2008) (USGS, 2008) Figure 3. Ground-water flow paths vary greatly in length, depth and travel time from points of recharge to points of discharge in the ground-water system (USGS, 2008) Many studies of GW-SW interactions involve the use of more than one technique in attempting to determine nature of exchanges. Environmental tracers are naturally occurring dissolved constituents, or physical properties of water that can be used to track water movement through water sheds. Often tracers such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), conservative and non-conservative ions, stable and radio-isotopes can be coupled with piezometric monitoring and computer modelling to aid in determining the movement and character of GW or SW (Hohener et al, 2003). CFCs are synthetic halogenated volatile organic compounds that have been manufactured since 1930 and can be detected analytically in water in small concentrations. Previous review articles have occasionally summarised the use of CFCs as tracers for dating pristine groundwater as a failure due to local CFC contamination in excess of the equilibrium with modern air. However, CFCs do provide hydrogeological tracers and dating tools for young groundwater on a time-scale of 50 years (Hohener et al, 2003). Since the mid 1970s, CFCs have been used routinely by hydrologists and various disciplines, for dating and tracing water masses. Using gas chromatographs and electron capture detectors, analytical methods for CFCs in water with detection limits for some particular CFCs, have been developed. Generally, the presence of detectable concentrations of CFCs in groundwater indicates recharge after the late 1940s, or mixing of older water with younger water. Groundwater samples with CFC concentrations between the analytical detection limit and the equilibrium with atmospheric concentrations at recharge temperature can potentially be used for age-dating. The use of CFCs dating techniques allows hydrologists and scientists alike to determine groundwater recharge and mixing aiding in detecting GW-SW interactions (Hohener et al, 2003; Schilling et al, 2010). Researchers utilize a wide variety of conservative and non-conservative tracers for hydrological studies. In addition, stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen, which are part of the water molecule, are used to determine the mixing of waters from different sources (USGS, 2008; Rodgers et al, 2004). This is successful because of the differences in the isotopic composition of precipitation among recharge areas, the changes in the isotoic composition of shallow subsurface water caused by evaporation and temporal variability in the isotopic composition of precipitation relative to groundwater. For example, 87Sr/86Sr ratios can be used to distinguish between groundwater discharge and surface mixing. Strontium isotopes used in combination with more conventional tracers such as deuterium and 18O have helped to establish the sources of differing groundwater types entering lakes (Rodgers et al, 2004). Radioactive isotopes are useful indicators for the amount of time that water has spent in the groundwater system. Deuterium and 18O have been used together with both radioactive tracers (3H/3He) and other non-conventional tracers like rare earth elements (REEs) to determine groundwater inflow and outflow from large lakes such as East African Rift Valley lakes (Ojiambo et al., in review). Lyons et al. (1998) also have used sources of both radioactive (36Cl) and non-radioactive (37Cl) tracers to ascertain sources of solutes for Antarctic lake systems (Lyons et al, 1998). Another useful indicator is 222Radon which is a chemically inert radioactive gas that has a half-life of only 3-4 days. It is produced naturally in groundwater as a product of the radioactive decay of 226radium in uranium-bearing rocks and sediments (Lyons et al, 1998). Several studies have documented that radon can be used to identify locations of significant groundwater input into a stream, such as from springs. In France a study was conducted where radon was used to determine stream-water loss to groundwater as a result of ground-water withdrawals (USGS, 2008). As shown in figure 4, sharp changes in chemical concentrations were detected over short distances as water from the Lot River in France moved into its contiguous alluvial aquifer in response to pumping from a well. An environmental tracer was used to determine the extent of mixing of surface water with ground water, and radon was used to determine the inflow rate of stream water. Then the rate at which dissolved metals reacted to form solid phase during movement of stream water toward the pumping well could be calculated (USGS, 2008). Conservative and non-conservative ions as tracers can also be used to parameterize groundwater models as well as to calculate the age and recharge location of ground waters. This can be done by directly introducing 3H in a groundwater system to determine groundwater flow paths which assists in the model parameterization coupled with the use of deuterium, 18O, 3H/3He ratios, and the recently developed 4He in-growth technique to guide parameterization of a groundwater model of a regional aquifer (Sophocleous, 2000). Familiarity with the use and limitations of numerous conservative and non-conservative tracers to ground water and surface water environments is an important component with potential applications of these techniques, GW-SW interactions can be inferred (Sphocleous, 2000; Schilling et al, 2010). In Australia, the transport of saline groundwater from local and regional aquifers to the lower River Murray is thought to be influenced by lagoons and wetlands present in adjacent floodplains. In the study by Banks et al, (2009), interactions between a saline lagoon and semi-confined aquifer at a floodplain on the River Murray were studied using hydrogeological techniques and environmental tracers (Cl-, ÃŽÂ ´2H and ÃŽÂ ´18O) (Banks et al, 2009). The results showed using piezometric surface monitoring that the lagoon acted as a flow-through system intercepting local and regional groundwater flow. The mass balance was determined using chloride, and showed that approximately 70% of the lagoons winter volume was lost due to evaporation. Next a stable isotope mass balance was used to estimate leakage from the lagoon to the underlying aquifer. This showed that approximately 0-38% of the total groundwater inflow into the lagoon was lost to leakage, as opposed to 62-100% groundwater inflow which was lost to evaporation (Banks et al, 2009). Through the use of piezometric surface monitoring and tracers, Banks et al, (2009), were able to determine GW-SW interactions. This allowed them to conclude that the floodplain wetland behaved as groundwater flow-through systems, intercepting groundwater discharge, concentrating it and eventually recharging more saline water to the floodplain aquifer. Being able to trace, determine and understand GW-SW interactions such as those presented here, ultimately benefits effective management of salinity in Australia (Banks et al, 2005). Further studies of the Murray River and the Murray Basin have concluded that salinity could also be contributed to by flow regulation and water diversion for irrigation as this could considerably impact the exchange of surface water between the Murray River and its floodplains (Allison et al, 1990; Lamontage et al, 2005). Through use of piezometric surface monitoring and environmental tracers (Cl-, ÃŽÂ ´2H and ÃŽÂ ´18O), Lamontagne et al, was able to conclude that Murray River was losing under low flow conditions. Environmental tracer data suggested that the origin of groundwater is principally bank recharge in the riparian zone and a combination of diffuse rainfall recharge elsewhere on the flood plain. This information was critical in deciphering that bank discharge occurred during some flood recession periods and understanding that the way in which the water table responded to changes in river level was a function of the type of stream bank present (Lamontage et al, 2005). In the Western Murray basin, the clearing of native vegetation in a semi-arid region of southern Australia is thought to have lead to increases in Groundwater recharge. Unsaturated zone chloride and matric suction profile estimates suggest there is a significant time delay in aquifer response to pre and post clearing recharge (Allison et al, 1990). Predictions of the time delay lag in aquifer response have been verified using bore hydrographs. The results show that in some areas of light soil and shallow water table the water is now rising, however in other areas of heavy soil the water is not yet beginning to rise. The effects of increased recharge on the salinity of the River Murray, a major water resource, have been predicted that the salinity of the river will increase about 1Â µS cm -1 year -1 over the next 50 years. These results show the crucial role hydrological analysis and environmental tracers play in major resource management throughout Australia and potentially the worl d (Allison et al, 1990). Conclusion Groundwater and Surface water are not isolated components of the hydrological system and therefore should not be studied or managed as such. There are many factors which influence and control both GW and SW flow paths and interactions within the hydrological cycle. Through use of monitoring systems, modelling, and environmental tracers a better understanding of the complex interactions between GW-SW can be gained. Although further study is needed and techniques can be improved upon, it is through a better understand of the hydrological cycle and its complex interactions that more appropriate management plans can be made to ensure the resource is available to all in the future.

Last of the Mohicans Essay -- Last Mohicans War Book Review Essays

Last of the Mohicans Last of the Mohicans is set in 1757 in the third year of a war in North America over land and territory. Mostly, the war is between the English and the French, but each side has taken up Indian allies to assist them. The main story in the Last of the Mohicans is the love of an adopted Mohican, Hawk-eye, and Cora, the daughter of an English general. There are also other stories embedded in the movie, which are harder to recognize. For instance, a second love story between Hawk-eye's brother and Cora's sister. The life of Magua is another story that the movie seems to slightly touch, but doesn't elaborate on. As for the historical part of the movie, I think it is accurate in the sense of the fighting style of the English. The "proper" way of war might be fine in Europe, but against the Indians, standing in a line with bright red coats is not the way to win. "...the soldiers' uniforms splendid - though (and that's a historic fact) idiotically ornate and impractical for warfare. It wasn't until about 1916 that the British and the French saw the light and stopped wearing all that Day-Glo, easy target colors" (Prof. Jahiel). For example, at the beginning of the movie, Magua killed one soldier marching in the line, and the guy next to him didn't even do anything until the commander said to attack. They would also fire at the same time, leaving the whole squad vulnerable to attack while they reloaded. By fighting in this manner, it allowed the Indians to fight much more strategically. They would fire muskets three at a time, so they could stop an oncoming rush while the others reloaded. The Ind ians also took advantage of the English firing scheme. After the whole squad of English soldiers fired their muskets, the Indians would rush in with axes and knives, then fall back. This strategy would allow just a few Indians to take out a relatively large number of English. "The British, we learn by the proof in the pudding, are inept warriors, and lousy tacticians...Plus, they're seemingly accurately described, both from the point of view of the historian and political correctness" (Prof. Jahiel). I also think the film did a good job with the weapons used throughout the movie. The spears, bows, axes, and muskets look authentic enough for me. The one weapon that I couldn't recognize was the axe-type club that was used by Hawk-eye's father. ... ...e. I think another sub plot that comes out of the film is the idea of change. Or at least reality sets in on some of the characters. For instance, General Munroe decides not to fight for his fort and just leave. This was something that was not previously done, or even accepted in the English Military. Also I found Cora's ex-boyfriend, the noble, to be an extremely brave and honorable man. At first I thought he was, quite frankly, an arrogant jackass until the end when he sacrificed himself for Cora and Hawk-eye. One thing to keep in mind when watching the film is that it shows the war from a different angle than what the public might be used to. It focuses more on an Indian point of view and a more individualistic view. By Indian point of view I mean most representations of wars in America make us look to be the good guys, in this film there is a somewhat neutral eye from which the war is viewed. What I mean by individualistic is that each person, Hawk-eye, Cora, General Munroe, and Magua are involved in the same war, but see things totally different. One person viewing the film will most likely see something different or special about the film than another person would.